近日，爱奇艺发布了胡歌新剧《楠丁格尔先生》首发见地海报巨乳 av女優，片名《楠丁格尔先生》过甚英译Male nurse（男守护）激发烧议。

　　借（cèng）此（gè）机（rè）会（diǎn），咱们就来望望英国男守护近况。

　　今天你练听力了吗？

　　🤔️小功课：

　　1. According to the article， what strategy has proven successful in increasing female participation in STEM fields that could also apply to nursing?

　　A. Offering higher salaries in nursing.

　　B. Promoting the idea that nursing is a male-dominated profession.

　　C. Increasing visibility of male role models in nursing.

　　D. Reducing the workload for male nurses.

　　无着重原文：

　　Nurses: attracting more men to the profession could help with talent shortage

　　From: The Conversation， December 22， 2022

　　Seldom has the state of the NHS workforce been more in the public consciousness. A global survey of nurses undertaken by the consultancy firm McKinsey in the summer of 2022 highlighted the perilous state of the sector. The survey， which was conducted in France， Singapore， Japan， the US， Australia， Brazil and the UK， found that around one in four nurses was considering leaving the profession. Central to this desire was the burnout that was caused by being overworked and understaffed.

　　The huge number of unfilled vacancies has led to an understandable call for a renewed focus on recruiting new nurses into the NHS. It's an effort that would be greatly helped if the sector was as attractive to men as it is to women. Indeed， official data from the Nursing and Midwifery Council shows that just 11% of registered nurses in the UK today identify as men.

　　This matters in a number of ways. First， men can often suffer from discrimination when applying to or working in stereotypically female roles. Indeed， research has shown that men receive about 40% fewer requests for interviews when applying for jobs in female-dominated sectors.

　　These gender-based stereotypes emerge as early as five years of age， with children associating certain professions with men and others with women – and they are incredibly hard to shift. To do so will require a rethink about how nurses are portrayed both in the media and in communication between the industry and the wider public.

　　We have seen in attempts to increase the number of women studying science， technology， engineering and mathematics (Stem) subjects， and participating in those industries， that having a strong supply of role models significantly increases participation by women. Just as those efforts have had to confound the stereotype that science and engineering were male disciplines， so too do we need a concerted effort to show that men can thrive as nurses as well.

　　Research shows that going against gender norms carries a social and emotional cost， but whereas there has grown to be less stigma associated with women when they perform “men's” jobs， the same is not the case when men perform “women's” jobs. This is confounded by the stereotyping often associated with male nurses as either effeminate or homosexual (or failed doctors).

　　Not only is the healthcare sector facing a chronic skills shortage today， but it is also estimated that the number of jobs in the sector will grow by 13% by 2031. While there has been a justifiable focus on Stem subjects as underpinning the jobs of tomorrow， jobs in healthcare promise to be more important than ever due to the ageing society and general trend towards greater spending on healthcare. If the industry is to meet those needs， it cannot afford to overlook half of the population.

　　The successful efforts to increase female participation in Stem point to several approaches that could be adopted to do likewise for male participation in health-related roles.

　　Getting more men into nursing has clear benefits for both the NHS and for society as a whole， but achieving it will require a truly national effort. We've shown what's possible with the drive to get more women into Stem. Now we need to replicate that to ensure men feel that nursing is a career for them.

　　- ◆ -

　　注：完竣题目见本文起首；华文文本为机器翻译并非逐一双应，仅供参考

　　含着重全文：

　　Nurses: attracting more men to the profession could help with talent shortage

　　From: The Conversation， December 22， 2022

　　Seldom has the state of the NHS workforce been more in the publicconsciousness. A global survey of nurses undertaken by theconsultancyfirm McKinsey in the summer of 2022 highlighted theperilousstate of the sector. The survey， which was conducted in France， Singapore， Japan， the US， Australia， Brazil and the UK， found that around one in four nurses was considering leaving the profession. Central to this desire was theburnoutthat was caused by being overworked andunderstaffed.

　　英国国度医疗做事体系（NHS）职工军队的近况鲜有像当今这么引起公众的庸俗祥和。麦肯锡（McKinsey）磋议公司在2022年夏日进行的一项大师守护探问揭示了该行业的危机景况。该探问隐敝法国、新加坡、日本、好意思国、澳大利亚、巴西和英国，扫尾露出约四分之一的守护正在琢磨离开这一改行。这一决定的中枢原因是过度劳累和东谈主手不及导致的行状疲惫。

　　consciousness

　　consciousness /ˈkɒn.ʃəs.nəs/ 暗示“矍铄；嗅觉；醒觉”，英文解释为“the state of understanding and realizing something”举个🌰：Her consciousness that she's different makes her feel uneasy. 矍铄到自已与众不同，她感到很不服缓。

　　consultancy

　　consultancy /kənˈsʌl.tən.si/ 1）暗示“磋议公司；顾问人做事公司”，英文解释为“a company that gives advice on a particular subject”如：a management/financial/recruitment consultancy 责罚/金融/招聘磋议公司。

　　2）暗示“磋议做事；顾问人责任”，英文解释为“the activity of giving advice on a particular subject”举个🌰：They pay me for IT consultancy. 他们支付我答谢，让我提供信息手艺磋议。

　　📍词根/词缀：consultancy由名词"consult"和后缀"-ancy"组成。"consult"意为磋议、征求意见，"-ancy"用于构建空洞名词。词源：来自拉丁语"consultare"，意为寻求意见、磋议。常用搭配：management consultancy（责罚磋议）、financial consultancy（财务磋议）。

　　perilous

　　perilous /ˈper.əl.əs/ 暗示“至极危机的”，英文解释为“extremely dangerous”举个🌰：The country roads are quite perilous. 这些乡间谈路很危机。

　　burnout

　　burnout /ˈbɜrnˌɑʊt/ 暗示“至极劳累；困乏过度”，英文解释为“extreme tiredness usually caused by working too much”如：employees complaining of/suffering burn-out 恼恨/感到至极劳累的职工。

　　📍证据世界卫生组织，行状过劳（Occupational burnout）是一种由慢性责任压力导致的症候群，症状包含“精神粉碎、对责任的心情距离增多、对责任的负面嗅觉、以及责任着力的减少”。行状过劳不被归类为一种医学疾病。

　　📍动词短语：burn (yourself) out，窘况不胜，意态消沉。

　　understaffed

　　understaffed /ˌʌn.dəˈstɑːft/ 暗示“（商店、企业或机构）东谈主手不够的，东谈主员配备不及的”，英文解释为“If a shop， business， or organization is understaffed， it does not have enough employees.”举个🌰：The hospital was desperately understaffed. 这家病院职工严重不及。

　　The huge number of unfilledvacancieshas led to an understandable call for a renewed focus on recruiting new nurses into the NHS. It's an effort that would be greatly helped if the sector was as attractive to men as it is to women. Indeed， official data from the Nursing andMidwiferyCouncil shows that just 11% of registered nurses in the UK today identify as men.

　　多半空白职位使得东谈主们号召再次祥和为英国国度医疗做事体系招聘新守护，这是不错认识的。如果该行业对男性的诱骗力不亚于女性，那么这一致力将会愈加灵验。事实上，英国照顾与助产委员会（Nursing and Midwifery Council）官方数据露出，刻下英国仅有11%的注册守护是男性。

　　vacancy

　　vacancy /ˈveɪ.kən.si/ 1）暗示“空处；空位”，英文解释为“a space or place that is available to be used”举个🌰：We wanted to book a hotel room in July but there were no vacancies. 咱们想预订7月份的宾馆房间，然则还是莫得空屋了。

　　2）暗示“（职位）空白”，英文解释为“a job that no one is doing and is therefore available for someone new to do”举个🌰：There is a vacancy for a shop assistant on Saturdays. 商店有个星期六上班的伴计职位空白。

　　midwifery

　　midwifery /ˌmɪdˈwɪf.ər.i/ 暗示“助产责任”，英文解释为“the job of being a midwife (= someone who is trained to help women when they are giving birth)”举个🌰：At nursing college she specialized in midwifery. 在守护学校她专修助产学。

　　This matters in a number of ways. First， men can often suffer fromdiscriminationwhen applying to or working instereotypicallyfemale roles. Indeed， research has shown that men receive about 40% fewer requests for interviews when applying for jobs in female-dominated sectors.

　　这在好多方面王人很伏击。率先，男性在央求或从事传统上由女性主导的岗亭时，常常会受到气愤。事实上，研究标明，男性在央求女性占主导地位行业的责任时，取得口试邀请的契机减少了约40%。

　　discrimination

　　discrimination /dɪˌskrɪm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ 暗示“气愤；区别对待”，英文解释为“treating a person or particular group of people differently， especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people， because of their skin colour， sex， sexuality， etc.”如：racial/sex/age discrimination 种族/性别/年齿气愤。

　　stereotypically

　　stereotypically /ˌster.i.əˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl.i/ 暗示“刻板印象地；类型化地”，英文解释为“in the way that you would expect someone or something to be， do， behave， etc.， even though this idea is often wrong”举个🌰：He is a stereotypically disheveled academic. 他是一个东谈主们刻板印象中典型的衣冠不整的学者。

　　These gender-basedstereotypesemerge as early as five years of age， with children associating certain professions with men and others with women – and they are incredibly hard to shift. To do so will require a rethink about how nurses areportrayedboth in the media and in communication between the industry and the wider public.

　　这些基于性别的刻板印象早在五岁时便运转酿成，孩子们会将某些行状与男性辩论在一齐，而将其他行状与女性辩论在一齐——而这些刻板印象极难冲破。要转变这种景况，就必须再行想考如安在媒体以及行业与强大公众的相通中塑造守护的形象。

　　stereotype

　　stereotype /ˈster.i.ə.taɪp/暗示“模式化形象；成见；刻板印象”，英文解释为“A stereotype is a fixed general image or set of characteristics that a lot of people believe represent a particular type of person or thing.”举个🌰：There's always been a stereotype about successful businessmen. 对到手的商东谈主们总有一种成见。

　　portray

　　portray /pɔːˈtreɪ/ 1）暗示“描写，描写，描写”，英文解释为“to represent or describe someone or something in a painting， film， book， or other artistic work”举个🌰：The painting portrays a beautiful young woman in a blue dress. 这幅画描写的是一位身穿蓝色连衣裙的飘逸青娥。

　　2）暗示“饰演（某扮装）”，英文解释为“to act a particular role in a film/movie or play”举个🌰：Her father will be portrayed by Sean. 肖恩将饰演她的父亲。

　　We have seen in attempts to increase the number of women studying science， technology， engineering and mathematics (Stem) subjects， and participating in those industries， that having a strong supply of role models significantly increases participation by women. Just as those efforts have had toconfoundthe stereotype that science and engineering were maledisciplines， so too do we need aconcertedeffort to show that men canthriveas nurses as well.

　　咱们看到，在鞭策女性学习科学、手艺、工程和数学（STEM）学科及参与辩论行业的进程中，领有多半女性榜样粗略权臣造就女性的参与率。正如这些致力必须冲破科学和工程是男性学科的刻板印象一样，咱们同样需要共同致力，证实男性也能在照顾行业中取得到手。

　　confound

　　confound /kənˈfaʊnd/ 1）暗示“使惊疑，使困惑”，英文解释为“to confuse and very much surprise someone， so that they are unable to explain or deal with a situation”举个🌰：The singer confounded her critics with a remarkable follow-up album. 这位歌手随后又推出了一张一鸣惊人的专辑，令批驳家们大感巧合。

　　2）暗示“证实…有错”，英文解释为“to prove sb/sth wrong”如：to confound expectations 证实祈望有误。

　　3）也不错指“打败，投降（敌东谈主）”，英文解释为“to defeat an enemy”

　　discipline

　　discipline /ˈdɪs.ə.plɪn/ 作名词，暗示“学问范围；（尤指大学的）学科，科目，专科”，英文解释为“an area of knowledge; a subject that people study or are taught， especially in a university”，也不错暗示“历练；造就；顺次；风纪”，英文解释为“the practice of training people to obey rules and orders and punishing them if they do not; the controlled behaviour or situation that results from this training”

　　作动词，1）暗示“刑事职守，刑事职守”，英文解释为“to punish someone”举个🌰：The workman was disciplined by his company but not dismissed. 这名工东谈主被他的公司处罚了，但莫得被开除。

　　2）暗示“历练，勾通”，英文解释为“to teach someone to behave in a controlled way”，如：a guide to the best ways of disciplining your child 管教子女最好法式指南。

　　3）暗示“自我截止；严格条目（我方）”，英文解释为“to control the way you behave and make yourself do things that you believe you should do”举个🌰：He disciplined himself to exercise at least three times a week. 他章程我方每周全少考验三次。

　　concerted

　　concerted /kənˈsɜː.tɪd/ 暗示“致力的；共同盘算推算决定的；齐心合力的；一致的；协商好的”，英文解释为“planned or done together for a shared purpose”举个🌰：The richer countries of the world should take concerted action to help the poorer countries. 世界上较豪阔的国度应该共同业动起来匡助较清寒的国度。

　　thrive

　　thrive /θraɪv/ 暗示“旺盛成长；兴旺，荣华”，英文解释为“to grow， develop， or be successful”举个🌰：His business thrived in the years before the war. 战前那些年，他的交易很欣慰。

　　Research shows that going against gendernormscarries a social and emotional cost， but whereas there has grown to be lessstigmaassociated with women when they perform “men's” jobs， the same is not the case when men perform “women's” jobs. This is confounded by the stereotyping often associated with male nurses as eithereffeminateorhomosexual(or failed doctors).

　　研究标明，冲破性别旧例需要付出社会和样子代价，但当女性从事“男性”责任时，辩论恶名化已有所减少，男性从事“女性”责任时则并非如斯。这主淌若因为社会常将男性守护描写为娘娘腔、同性恋（或是失败的大夫）。

　　norms

　　norm /nɔːm/ 持续复数，暗示“法式；活动尺度”，英文解释为“standards of behaviour that are typical of or accepted within a particular group or society”，如：social/cultural norms 社会/文化法式。

　　📍the norm 暗示“常态，泛泛活动”，英文解释为“a situation or type of behaviour that is expected and considered to be typical”举个🌰：One child per family is fast becoming the norm in some countries. 每个家庭一个孩子在一些国度正马上深广起来。

　　stigma

　　stigma /ˈstɪɡ.mə/ 暗示“期侮；（尤指不公正的）恶名”，英文解释为“a strong feeling of disapproval that most people in a society have about something， especially when this is unfair”举个🌰：There is no longer any stigma to being divorced. 区别不再是什么期侮的事了。

　　effeminate

　　effeminate /ɪˈfemɪnət/ 暗示“（男东谈主）女东谈主气的，女性化的，莫得须眉汉气概的”，英文解释为“An effeminate man behaves or looks similar to a woman”举个🌰：He's got a very effeminate manner/voice. 他行径/话语很女东谈主气。

　　homosexual

　　homosexual /ˌhəʊ.məˈsek.ʃu.əl/ 暗示“同性恋者”，英文解释为“used to describe a man who is sexually or romantically attracted to men， or a woman who is sexually or romantically attracted to women”

　　Not only is the healthcare sector facing achronicskills shortage today， but it is also estimated that the number of jobs in the sector will grow by 13% by 2031. While there has been a justifiable focus on Stem subjects asunderpinningthe jobs of tomorrow， jobs in healthcare promise to be more important than ever due to the ageing society and general trend towards greater spending on healthcare. If the industry is to meet those needs， it cannot afford to overlook half of the population.

　　如今，医疗保健行业不仅面对着永久的东谈主才败落问题，而况据测度，到2031年，该行业的责任岗亭数目还将增长13%。天然刻下有充分的原理将提神力聚合在STEM学科动作昔时责任的基础，但由于社会老龄化和医疗保健开销增多的大趋势，医疗保健行业的责任将比以往任何时候王人愈加伏击。如果该行业要温和这些需求，就不成惨酷另一半东谈主口。

　　chronic

　　chronic /ˈkrɒnɪk/ 1）暗示“（疾病）慢性的，永久的”，英文解释为“a chronic disease or illness is one that continues for a long time and cannot be cured”如：chronic arthritis暗示“慢性重要炎”。

　　2）暗示“（问题）永久的”，英文解释为“a chronic problem is one that continues for a long time and cannot easily be solved”举个🌰：There is a chronic shortage of teachers. 永久存在师资败落的问题。

　　3）还有一种解释是用来形容东谈主“积重难返”，如“永久酗酒/千里迷赌博等的东谈主”咱们就不错用chronic alcoholic/gambler暗示。

　　underpinning

　　underpinning /ˈʌn.dəˌpɪn.ɪŋ/ 作名词，暗示“基础，根基”，英文解释为“support， strength， or the basic structure of something”举个🌰：After a while， we found ourselves questioning the spiritual and philosophical underpinning of the American way of life. 一段时辰后，咱们发现我方对好意思国糊口形状的精神和形而上学基础产生了怀疑。

　　underpin /ˌʌn.dəˈpɪn/作动词，暗示“加强，妥当，组成（…的基础等）”，英文解释为“to support or form the basis of an argument， a claim， etc.”举个🌰：The report is underpinned by extensive research. 这份呈文以庸俗的研究为基础。

　　The successful efforts to increase female participation in Stem point to several approaches that could be adopted to do likewise for male participation in health-related roles.

　　造就女性参与STEM学科的到手教授为同样增多男性参与健康辩论行状提供了鉴戒。

　　Getting more men into nursing has clear benefits for both the NHS and for society as a whole， but achieving it will require a truly national effort. We've shown what's possible with the drive to get more women into Stem. Now we need toreplicatethat to ensure men feel that nursing is a career for them.

　　让更多男性插足照顾行业对NHS和统统社会王人有赫然的自制，但要已毕这一研究，需要信得过的宇宙性致力。咱们还是见证了鞭策更多女性参与STEM学科所能取得的效果。当今，咱们需要复制这种作念法，以确保男性合计照顾是适合他们的行状。

　　replicate

　　replicate /ˈrep.lɪ.keɪt/ 暗示“使复现；相通；复制”，英文解释为“to make or do something again in exactly the same way”举个🌰：Researchers tried many times to replicate the original experiment. 研究者们作了好屡次致力，试图相通这一实际。

　　- 词汇清点 -

　　consciousness、consultancy、perilous、burnout、understaffed、vacancy、midwifery、discrimination、stereotypically、stereotype、portray、confound、discipline、concerted、thrive、norms、stigma、effeminate、homosexual、chronic、underpinning、replicate

　　- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -

　　In a concerted effort to address stigma in midwifery， a consultancy tackled chronic burnout in an understaffed clinic. They portrayed stereotypically effeminate homosexual roles， confounding norms and discrimination巨乳 av女優， aiming to replicate a thriving environment that upheld discipline and consciousness.